Although these interventions vary in the use and duration of specific meditation exercises and in their theoretical and psycho-educational frameworks, they share a core focus on promoting awareness of sensations, emotions, and cognitions and the ability to not react to and identify with these bodily and mental events. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) was originally developed for people with chronic pain to support them in coping with chronic stress Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) was primarily developed for people with recurrent depression Dialectical Behavior Therapy was developed for cultivating emotion-regulation skills in people with borderline personality disorder and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) was developed to increase psychological flexibility and reduce distress in people with various mental health problems. Since the 1970s, various mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have been developed. Mindfulness has been defined as the ability to be aware of bodily sensations, feelings, and thoughts in the present moment with a curious and accepting attitude toward these experiences.
In the 1970s, mindfulness was introduced as an intervention to tackle various psychological symptoms, such as stress, depression, and anxiety.
Adherence rates for the interventions ranged from 35% to 92%, but most studies lacked clear definitions or cut-offs. For anxiety, populations with psychological symptoms had higher effect sizes.
In terms of stress and mindfulness, studies that used inactive control conditions yielded larger effects. Subgroup analyses revealed that online MBIs resulted in higher effect sizes for stress when offered with guidance. With available evidence, this pooled analysis indicates that anti-VEGF monotherapy has a modest effect in patients with CRPC, and clinical benefits gained from anti-VEGF-based doublets appear greater than anti-VEGF monotherapy.The findings revealed statistically significant moderate pre-to-post effects on depression ( g=0.34, 95% CI 0.18-0.50 P<.001), stress ( g=0.44, 95% CI 0.32-0.55 P<.001), and mindfulness ( g=0.40, 95% CI 0.30-0.50 P<.001) and small effects on anxiety ( g=0.26, 95% CI 0.18-0.33 P<.001). 22.1 months (p<0.001) for anti-VEGF monotherapy vs. 6.9 months (p<0.001) and weighted median OS of 13.1 vs. Median PFS and OS were 6.9 and 22.1 months with weighted median PFS of 5.6 vs. Similarly, the pooled PSA response rate was 32.4% with a higher PSA response rate of 52.8% (95%CI: 40.2-65.1%) for anti-VEGF-based combinations vs. The pooled ORR was 12.4% with a higher response rate of 26.4% (95%CI, 13.6-44.9%) for anti-VEGF-based combinations vs.
COMPREHENSIVE META ANALYSIS 2.2.064 FREE
Median weighted progression- free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) time for anti-VEGF monotherapy and anti-VEGF-based doublets were compared by two-sided Student's t test.Ī total of 3,841 patients from 19 prospective studies (4 randomized controlled trials and 15 prospective nonrandomized cohort studies) were included for analysis. Pooled estimates of the objective response rate (ORR) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response rate (decline ≥50%) were calculated using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (version 2.2.064) software. The databases of PubMed, Web of Science and abstracts presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology up to Mawere searched for relevant articles. We here aimed to determine the efficacy and toxicities of anti-VEGF agents in patients with CRPC. Blocking angiogenesis by targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway to inhibit tumor growth has proven to be successful in treating a variety of different metastatic tumor types, including kidney, colon, ovarian, and lung cancers, but its role in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is still unknown.
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